The Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs - 1198 Words

In her autobiography, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs portrays her detailed life events on such an intense level. Jacobs was born in 1813 in North Carolina. She had a rough life starting at the age of six when her mother died, and soon after that everything started to go downhill, which she explains in her autobiography. Her novel was originally published in 1861, but was later reprinted in 1973 and 1987. Harriet Jacobs presents her story using numerous detailed descriptions of the events and obstacles that she eventually overcame. Jacobs is able to interact with the reader effectively by describing her life struggles as a slave through the use of diction and pathos. Harriet Jacobs wanted to tell her story so that readers would know how slave girls were treated. She wasn’t sure if she wanted to be so public while writing her novel, but she decided that since she wanted others to learn and know about what happens in a slaves shoes, she decided to be comple tely open and write using her name and experiences. Jacobs’s uses emotion and diction throughout the entire essay to emphasize the struggles that her and many other slave women and men go through. Throughout Harriet Jacobs story, she uses many different rhetorical strategies. One that stuck out the most was pathos. At one point in her life, she was having trouble deciding how to tell her grandmother that she was pregnant. In the process of determining how to go about it, Jacobs admits that, â€Å"TheShow MoreRelatedThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs858 Words   |  4 PagesThe way that Harriet Jacobs describes slavery in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl was not a surprise to me. I believed that slaves were treated poorly and often times were hurt, the way that I thought of slavery is just like it is described in the book if not worse. I will discuss what I believed slavery was like before I read the book, how slavery was according to the book using in text cita tions and examples and also explain my thoughts on why the treatment was not a surprise to me. FromRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs1606 Words   |  7 PagesSlaves in the southern states of the United States were oppressed, beaten, and deprived of their natural human rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Which in turn caused many slaves to resist their ill fate that was decided by their masters. Through the story of â€Å"Incidents in the life of a slave girl† by Harriet Jacobs she wrote in her experience how she was resisting her masters and how many people helped her in her escape. And it wasn’t just black that resisted the slave systemRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs1791 Words   |  8 PagesIn the slave narrative entitled Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs also known as Linda Brent, is faced with a number of decisions, brutal hardships, and internal conflicts that she must cope with as an enslaved black woman. She opens the narrative with a preface that states: â€Å"READER, be a ssured this narrative is no fiction. I am aware that some of my adventures may seem incredible; but they are, nevertheless, strictly true. I have not exaggerated the wrongs inflicted by Slavery†Read MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesIncidents in the life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs, she talks about how her life changed while serving different and new masters and mistresses. I think that this narrative writing is an important text to help us understand the different perspectives of slavery in America. There are some slave owners that are kind and humane, and some slave owners that are cruel and abusive. Additionally, reading from a female slave’s perspectives teaches us that life on the plantations and life in the house isRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacob Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacob’s writes an autobiography about the personal s truggles her family, as well as women in bondage, commonly face while maturing in the Southern part of America. While young and enslaved, Harriet had learned how to read, write, sew, and taught how to perform other tasks associated with a ladies work from her first mistress. With the advantage of having a background in literacy, Harriet Jacobs later came to the realization that she wouldRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs1292 Words   |  6 Pagesslavery. I chose to focus on two texts: Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. In the personal narrative Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, author Harriet Jacobs depicts the various struggles she endured in the course of her life as a young female slave and, as she grew older, a runaway escaped to the â€Å"free† land of the North, referring to herself as Linda Brent. Throughout this story, Jacobs places a heavy emphasis on the ways in which Brent andRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs928 Words   |  4 Pagesin the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs offers the audience to experience slavery through a feminist perspective. Unlike neo-slave narratives, Jacobs uses the pseudonym ‘Linda Brent’ to narrate her first-person account in order to keep her identity clandestine. Located in the Southern part of America, her incidents commence from her sheltered life as a child to her subordination to her mistress upon her mother’s death, and her continuing struggle to live a dignified and virtuous life despiteRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs1335 Words   |  6 PagesHarriet Jacobs wrote Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (Incidents) to plead with free white women in the north for the abolition of slavery. She focused on highlighting characteristics that the Cult of True Womanhood and other traditional protestant Christians idolized in women, mainly piety, purity, domesticity, and submissiveness. Yet, by representing how each of her characters loses the ability to maintain the prescribed values, she presents the strong moral framework of the African AmericanRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs1575 Words   |  7 Pagesncidents in the Life of a Slave Girl Slavery, in my eyes, is an institution that has always been ridiculed on behalf of the physical demands of the practice, but few know the extreme mental hardships that all slaves faced. In Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs writes autobiographically about her families and her personal struggles as a maturing mullatto child in the South. Throughout this engulfing memoir of Harriet Jacobs life, this brave woman tells of many trying timesRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacob993 Words   |  4 PagesHarriet Jacob’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, depicts a personal and true account of how woman were sexually and physically abused rather than just physically abuses as that of an enslaved man. Enslaved woman struggled tremendously to not only be considered equal to man though to be seen equal pure and virtuous identical to the white women. Jacob’s female slave narrative was a special kind of autobiography, were she not only used anothe r person to represent her, however, she wanted the reader

Relationship Between Partnership And Partnership - 1484 Words

When considering most of the law cases filed in court, business law cases have formed greatest percentage due to their frequency of occurrence. Agreements formed before the start of the business are broken in the course of running the business which leads to a law case especially for those businesses operated by more than one individual. Partnership form of business is the most adopted one at the state level where we have two or more people starting a business where they share profits and loses equally. I did research on partnership dispute that once occurred due to disagreement on terms of payments and who were the sole contributors to the business. Partnership involves more than one party where we can have a general partnership or†¦show more content†¦Due to lack of uniform sharing of profit, a dispute came about from this legal form of business. (Prat, 2010) While checking on the advantages of partnership form of business, it is believed that it is the easiest form of business to form as it only requires voluntary agreement between the partners and the business can be formed. The agreement is not in a fixed form, can be written or oral making if easier and flexible while forming it. This indicates that there are few legal formalities required during the formation hence fewer resources used. Since it involves many partners, there is expectation of high initial capital as compared to other forms of business. This high capital leads to increased scale of operation for the business which raises its profits. (Goldsmith, 2006) The limited partners if included in the partnership assist in investing the business from outside the business hence marketing their business as well as maintaining a competitive advantage. This form of business incorporates different skills and experts from different fields when they partner to come up with one business . This improves the management of the business from various skilled people. Risks experienced in this form of business are shared equally among all partners which reduce the impact to a single partner. Since there is monitoring of one another functioning in the business, there is reduced wastage which translates to more efficient functioning of

Political science state centered and power centered free essay sample

Man in nature is a social being. He cannot exist alone and can certainly not be self-sufficient. He is born and dwells in society where he associates with fellow humans. Man’s interaction with others in society eventually manifests his selfishness and quarrelsome nature. The human being is complex. Therefore as men live and interact in society, there arises the need for rules and accepted form of behavior. The regulation and execution of these rules are what bring about order in society. The regulators and enforcers of these rules and laws are what constitute what is called government. According to Heywood (2007) the government is created by individuals and for individuals (population), it exists to serve their needs and interests. This government hence is involved in a relationship with the rest of society. People have needs within the environment where there are resources and as such they make demands to the system (government) where processes take place and decisions and policies are passed back into the environment responding to the demands previously made. The discipline that deals with man in relation to his government is what is referred to as political science. However, there is no single or generally accepted view of political science as many thinkers have given many and different explanations of politics. The aim of this essay is to discuss political science as political science state-centered and political science power-centered and to highlight the differences and similarities between the two. Political scientists study matters concerning the allocation and transfer of power in decision making, the roles and systems of governance including governments and international organizations, political behavior and public policies. They measure the success of governance and specific policies by examining many factors, including stability, justice, material wealth, and peace. (Http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Political_scienceoldid=572424779). As the term is political science, it is a branch of social sciences among others like economics, sociology, anthropology, psychology etc. The term science according to JR Bond (n. d) cited in Beck et. al (1986) â€Å"implies the use of scientific methods. Science has had different meanings in different times in history. In the archaic science knowledge was mainly gained by just studying. In the modern usage, science is a method of learning based on systematic observation using the scientific method. † Politics as a science refers to the course of action through which political science as an academic specialty has come to use the scientific method for the production and distribution of knowledge about politics. Beck et. al states that â€Å"the study of politics involves conflict resolution hence politics defined by Harold Lasswell as the resolution of conflict over who gets what, when and how. The what is the particular product given out to the people for instance in education. The when is the timing and the how is the method used for distribution. In politics, the term science is regarded as precise and factual data supported by quantified and empirical evidence. Some political scientists now regard politics as a science since they collect quantified data and manipulate it statistically to support a hypothesis. The data is constantly gathered until it supports or generalizes human behavior and this forms generalizations called theories. Some theories are so firm that they are called laws. In this way, political study accumulates knowledge which is the original meaning of the term science. Therefore, politics as a science relates to knowledge acquired through systematic protocols that is used to explain human behavior in a society. It is knowledge that is based on empirical data or evidence or proof hence it is objective. † The subject of political science has had different views and therefore different theories, ideas and concepts have arisen out thereof: those such as political science state-centered and political science power-centered. According to Aristotle political science is a study a man in the governing of himself. In other words it is a study of state affairs. A state is a compulsory political organization with a centralized government that maintains a monopoly of the legitimate use of force within a certain geographical territory. Other traditional thinkers such as Paul Janet and Jelineck also defined political science is a study of state affairs only. This means that man, the government and their relationship are studied. This is political science state centered. The authority and influence over society is held in the state alone as an independent entity. The focus of study is on the state and the state or state affairs only. State-centered stresses the role of the government on society. Its focus is that the state itself can maintain political life to some extent independently of the way power is allocated between society classes. It should also be made clear that the government is their or exists in order to organize society thereby satisfying the needs of man or society or the population.. This is because the societies or man’s wants and needs are unlimited. Therefore a government has to exist to satisfy them. Some of the duties that government performs in order to satisfy the needs of society are: To provide law and order. It is the duty of the state to make that the society is ruled under law and that order is maintained. Rules and laws are what promote order even in society where the desires and aspirations of the people are not the same. For Ulimwengu (n. d) the state also provides education for the society. It is part of people’s desire to be literate and educated. Under state centered the government The state government promotes the state economy and to take operational control over most government programs for individuals, such as social programs and risk management. Because revenues would be redistributed according to this redistribution of legislative responsibilities, the states would have the resources to fund the activities acquired from federal control. (Norman, 12 August, 2008). In relation to the state’s role in the economy, Heywood (2007) states that the defects of the capitalist system can be rectified by the state through a process of economic and social engineering; the state is the custodian of public or common interest. The state provides security within the borders of the state. This is security from both outside the state and within the state (Norman, 12 August, 2008). According to Ulimwengu (n. d) the state provides and safeguards a range of goods, both tangible and intangible, that assure its people of a secure public space wherein they can live and love, produce and reproduce, and pursue the enjoyment of the fruits of their labour and love. Heywood mentions that the legitimate role of government is limited to the protection of ‘life, liberty and property’. Therefore the functions of governments should not extend beyond the ‘minimal’ functions of preserving public order and protecting property, providing defense against external attack and ensuring that contracts are enforced. Political science power-centered draws its meaning from the power theorists who considered political science not to be a study of the state business only but can be expanded to other institutions like trade unions, business associations, churches, non-governmental organizations, Academia, Student and Youth Organizations, Professional Bodies, Cultural Associations and Kinship Networks, international organizations inclusive and other institutions which play important roles in the struggle for power, morally, economically and politically on society. Unlike political science state centered, here the state and these non-state actors share power. Power may be defined according to the Concise Oxford English Dictionary as the capacity to influence the behavior of others, the emotions or the course of events. It can also be defined as the ability of a person or a group to influence the beliefs and actions of other people. It is the ability to influence events. Power can be personal power (http//en,Wikipedia. org/wiki/political_science. power_versus_authority). This would therefore mean that not only the state has an influence on society but the non-state actors as well. Political science power-centered is mainly about power or power politics. Under this can view politics as who gets what, when and how (Lasswell cited in Beck, et. al, 1986). All this is in relation to the influence and authority that is expressed on society and its organization. According to Ulimwengu (n. d) ‘it is generally recognized that the process of building a capable state requires the participation of all the vital forces of a nation. A capable state is one that has all the attributes of a modern, strong, responsible and responsive state, a state capable of effectively discharging its duties of delivering security, peace, prosperity and other pubic goods to its people. Although the state has traditionally been considered as the focal point of this process, other sectors, including non-state ones, have an important role to play, and the importance of this role has grown significantly over the past couple of decades as the limitations of the post-colonial state in providing for the needs of its people have been made all too clear. It is thus important to identify these other actors and recognize those areas wherein they can contribute, and have indeed contributed, to the process, as well as to appreciate better their nature, their mode of intervention, the constraints hampering their action as well as to explore ways in which their participation can be rendered more fruitful. ’ An example of the role that non-state actors may play as a result of power sharing is that of non-governmental organizations (NGO’s). These are mostly single issue organizations, engaged either in development activities or in advocacy work. In development work they tend to be restricted in scope, operating in small geographical areas, covering small groups of people. In single issue

Intranatal and Postnatal Period

Question: Discuss about the Intranatal and Postnatal Period. Answer: Introduction: In recent years, PND is a broad spectrum comprising of depression in antenatal, intra-natal and postnatal period affecting postnatal women throughout pregnancy to 12 months after delivery (APA, 2013). In Singapore, 80% of postnatal mothers have minor disorders- baby blues and 1 in 12 having PND (Mama, 2015). PND is serious but treatable. Yet, most of them dont seek help in Singapore because mental disorder is a great stigma and societal attitudes affect them in expressing their illness. Singhealth (2014) states that 10-15% of postnatal women experience PND in Singapore with 3-5% having moderate/severe depression. PND affects the health of mother, child and family. In 2016, SAMH states that 8% of new mothers develop PND in Singapore and medical professionals add that many of the PND remain undiagnosed. Even outside Singapore, New York Times published that 1 in 5 postnatal mothers experience depressive, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, mood disorder or in combinations. PND is a major health issue in the world as it negatively impacts a persons life. Post natal depression may lead to very serious health related problems in the world. It may cause an irreversible change in mother and children requiring prompt treatment. All these statistics indicates that research shows that research on PND is needed. Aim of the study Three aims have been developed by the researcher to examine the experiences of PND by Hong Kong- Chinese women. The goals of this study are clearly, specifically and concisely stated. They are easily achievable by adopting prompt research method. The study shows that they have evaluated the PND experience of postnatal women and stated that they were tired, confused, hopeless, helpless and loss of ability to control their emotions (APA, 2013). They have also observed absence of self-confidence and self-esteem with poor coping skills, low mood, inability to participate in baby care, suicidal thought, guilt, phantom crying, ambivalence on child (Collingwood, 2016) which suggests that their first goal is met. They have investigated the factors causing PND in mothers view as uncaring partners, strict in-laws, feelings of trapping into situation with suicidal, infanticide and homicidal thoughts and met their second goal. But they could have studied other related factors as transition to ne w parenthood, societal stressors and expectations by involving their partner and family (Habel, 2015). Their third objective of identifying the help-seeking behavior of postnatal women was met by identifying that most of the Chinese mothers are not expressing their experience of PND. They have also identified that they are not seeking help from medical personnels till their possibility of PND was assessed in screening tool. They got help from psychiatric physicians, nurses and family only after diagnosis. Research Method Basically a research methodology should be a systematic approach to solve the problems (Polit, 2016). The qualitative design used in the study involves linear progression of steps and has focused particularly on PND mothers. They have conducted the study based on the steps of phenomenological method. This study has used descriptive method which is indented to evaluate and describe PND that helps to accurately portray the characteristics of postnatal mothers with PND (Polit, 2016). They have selected only one PND clinic to avoid bias. They have selected appropriate samples of Hong Kong- Chinese postnatal mothers with PND by purposive sampling method to prevent probability in sampling. The sample size is inadequate. They have selected PND women with score more than 10 by using Edinburgh PND scale. They conducted interview with open-ended questions which helps to report directly by mothers. The data was collected by a single qualified nurse to maintain uniformity. The data analysis was performed by two persons which to avoid errors. Norhayati (2015) states that the use of structured questionnaire with interview gives best findings. It is evident from the study that the research design, approach, setting, population, sampling method, data analysis used are appropriate. Yet number of samples and data collection instruments could be better. Findings The findings suggest the sense of the research. They found that PND mothers will feel helpless, hopeless, guilty, ambivalence with phantom crying (APA, 2013). The study stated that the main factor that influenced PND is unsupportive partners and strict in-laws which have no clear evidence. It has studied about low economic status, educational and occupational factors. Yet, PND is caused by other factors as genetic inheritance, previous depressive disorders, unbearable stressors, stressful married life, drug, medicine or alcohol use, unwanted pregnancy, illegal child, support system and multiple births (Mazaheri, 2014, Walker, 2016). This study has not generalized the results as it doesnt involve other factors. Moreover it views only mothers aspect but not on partners/ familys aspect. A depressive person will often express that they are ill-treated by others and wanted to kill themselves, child or family. Though this finding may help them to identify the presence of depression and mot ivate them for help-seeking behavior, it doesnt give appropriate result. The study states that the Chinese mothers dont seek help from others due to the stigma which is common in Singapore (Mama, 2015). The findings help to create awareness about PND in mothers and promote help-seeking behavior. The researchers suggest that antenatal as well as postnatal visit is very important to diagnose PND that helps early treatment. They stated that psychotherapy as family therapy and individual and family counseling should be given to the mothers. It is evident that outreach and home based care should be given for unwilling mothers. Even tele-support, supportive groups and primary level education should be given at home environment. Further research This research is the base for future research. Nearly 50% of PND begins in antenatal period (OHara, 2013) and so studies should be conducted during antenatal period. Future studies are needed to generalize the result with larger population. Singapore resides people of various cultures which necessitates individual studies for those people. According to SAMH (2016), 10-20% of women 5-10% of men experience PND which necessities research in these aspects. There are only limited studies in Singapore and hence more studies are needed. The biological, socio-economical and environmental factors should be studied (Norhayati, 2015). The qualitative study based on partners and familys view should be conducted. Quantitative researches should be proposed by using psychotherapies for PND. Further study should be based on stages of depression with questionnaire and other depression measuring scales. Correlation studies should be carried out in all the settings and between immigrants and emigrants . Ethics Basically, a study should follow all the ethical principles. This study has met the principle of beneficence as it helps the undiagnosed postnatal mothers with PND to be diagnosed and help them to seek help from professionals, friends, brothers and sisters. According to the principle of nonmaleficence, the study should not give any harm (physical, emotional, social and financial harm) to the participant. This study may cause emotional harm with stress, anxiety and fear to the mothers (Polit, 2016). They must be handled with sensitivity as qualitative studies involve in-depth assessing of the personal aspects. In this study, mothers were protected from physical harm but not from emotional harm. To avoid this, the researcher should frame questions based on the individual psychological differences. But the questions framed in this study might endorse fear about their depression and harm the mother. It met principle of full disclosure by explaining the purposes of study and interviews an d got consent and also met principle of justice by assessing the mothers with common interview questions (Polit, 2016). They have maintained confidentiality and allowed the mothers to discontinue at any time (independence). Conclusion This research study gives an appropriate idea about the experiences of postnatal Chinese mothers on PND. It motivates to conduct further research in this aspect in Singapore and other countries. This research is well conducted, clearly stated and organized other than the drawbacks. They have followed all the ethical principles except few issues. Reference Collingwood, J. (2016). Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression:Psych Central. Retrieved from https://psychcentral.com/lib/risk-factors-for-postpartum-depression/ DSM- V. (2013). Diagnostic Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder and Depressive Episodes. Retrieved from American Psychiatry Association Habel, C. (2015). Causes of womens postpartum depression symptoms: Mens and womens perceptions: Midwifery Journal. 31 (7). doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2015.03.007 Mama. (2015). More than baby blues: Postpartum Depression in Singapore. Retrieved form https://www.sassymamasg.com/postpartum-depression-in-singapore-resources/ Mazaheri, M.A. (2014). Understanding the factors affecting the postpartum depression in the mothers of Isfahan city: J Educ Health Promot. 3: 65. doi:10.4103/2277-9531.134784 Norhayati. (2015). Magnitude and risk factors for postpartum symptoms: A literature review. Journal of Affective Disorders. Vol. 175. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.041. 3452 OHara, M.W. (2013). Postpartum depression: Current status and future directions. The Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. vol. 9. 379-407. Polit, D.F Beck, C.T. (2016). Nursing Research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. Lippincott Williams Wilkins: New Delhi. SAMH. (2016). Post natal depression: Singapore Association of Mental Health. Retrieved from https://sg.theasianparent.com/postnatal_depression_in_singapore/ Singhealth. (2014). Postnatal Depression. Retrieved from https://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Postnatal-Depression.aspx Walker, M. (2016). New Baby Blues or Postpartum Depression?.Psych Central. Retrieved from https://psychcentral.com/lib/new-baby-blues-or-postpartum-depression/